Two important factors affecting the prognosis of patients treated with sorafenib followed by regorafenib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of hand–foot syndrome (HFS) and fatigue on disease progression and survival in patients treated with sorafenib followed by regorafenib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.MethodsA retrospective analysis of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib in our hospital from 1 October 2018 to 31 October 2021 was performed, and clinical and pathological data and follow-up results were obtained. Patients were divided into groups according to the severity of HFS and fatigue. Survival analysis among the groups was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method, continuous variables were analyzed using the t-test, and factors associated with survival were evaluated using multivariate Cox regression analysis.ResultsThe study included 150 men and 23 women with a mean age of 60.77 years (range: 40–85 years). The median overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and time to tumor progression (TTP) increased with increasing severity of HFS. Conversely, the median OS, PFS, and TTP decreased with increasing severity of fatigueConclusionHFS and fatigue were independent risk factors affecting TTP, PFS, and OS among patients treated with sorafenib followed by regorafenib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.     

替罗非斑治疗老年糖尿病足0级病变的临床效果观察

【目的】观察替罗非斑治疗老年糖尿病足0级病变的临床效果。【方法】将58例老年糖尿病足0级病变的患者随机分办试验组和对照组。对照组实施常规糖尿病治疗,活血化瘀治疗。试验组在常规治疗基础上给予替罗非斑静滴。观察治疗后临床症状、血液流变学以及血液动力学改善情况。【结果】与治疗前比较,试验组治疗后病人临床症状,血液流变学以及血流动力学改善明显（P〈0．05）;试验组改善亦优于对照组（P〈0．05）。【结论】替罗非斑对老年糖尿病足0级病变的疗效显著、安全。     

糖尿病足导致跟骨骨髓炎继发跟骨病理性鸟嘴样骨折的治疗效果

目的: 探讨万古霉素硫酸钙联合内固定治疗糖尿病足导致跟骨骨髓炎继发跟骨病理性"鸟嘴样"骨折的临床疗效。方法: 回顾性分析2018年4月至2021年10月收治的5例糖尿病足导致跟骨骨髓炎继发跟骨病理性"鸟嘴样"骨折患者,男2例,女3例;年龄48~60岁;糖尿病病程5~13年;糖尿病足病程18~52 d;按Wagner分级均为Ⅲ级。所有患者根据病情Ⅰ期实施清创术,万古霉素骨水泥植入,负压吸引术;Ⅱ期使用万古霉素硫酸钙加内固定治疗跟骨病理性"鸟嘴样"骨折。记录患者手术切口、骨折愈合时间,观察骨髓炎复发情况,评价术后12个月美国足与踝关节协会踝与后足评分(American Orthopedic Foot Andankle Society,AOFAS)及渗出等并发症情况。结果: 5例顺利完成手术,所有患者未出现下肢血管闭塞。5例获得随访,时间16~36个月。骨折内固定术后切口愈合时间16~26 d,所有骨折愈合,愈合时间16~27周。术后12个月AOFAS评分65~91分;其中优2例,良2例,可1例。其中1例术后5个月因烫伤导致足背部皮肤溃疡(非并发症),经治疗后痊愈;2例出现伤口渗漏并发症,经换药后伤口痊愈;所有患者未再发骨髓炎及骨折。结论: 万古霉素硫酸钙联合内固定治疗糖尿病足导致跟骨骨髓炎继发跟骨病理性"鸟嘴样"骨折在控制感染的同时可促进骨折愈合,可获得较好的临床效果。     

基于区域健康数据平台开发2型糖尿病患者糖尿病足发病预测模型及其应用

目的 基于区域健康信息平台,构建成年2型糖尿病患者的糖尿病足发病风险预测模型。方法 利用宁波市鄞州区域健康信息平台,纳入2015年1月1日至2022年12月31日≥18岁新发2型糖尿病患者,按照7∶3的比例随机划分为训练集与测试集。使用LASSO回归模型和双向逐步回归模型分别筛选危险因素,并进行模型对比。使用净重新分类指数、综合判别改善指数以及一致性指数作为模型比较的指标。构建单因素和多因素Cox比例风险回归模型,并绘制列线图,计算曲线下面积（AUC）作为模型验证的区分度评价指标,绘制校准曲线检验其校正能力。结果 LASSO回归模型与双向逐步回归模型差异无统计学意义,选取较优的双向逐步回归模型作为最终模型。纳入的因素包括发病年龄、性别、糖化血红蛋白、估计肾小球滤过率、服用血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂类药物及吸烟史。训练集中预测5年和7年糖尿病足发病风险的AUC值（95%CI）分别为0.700（0.650~0.749）和0.715（0.668~0.762）,测试集为0.738（0.667~0.801）和0.723（0.663~0.783）。校准曲线与理想曲线较为接近,模型区分度和校准度均较好。结论 本研究构建了一个便捷易用的糖尿病足发病风险预测模型并划分了风险分层,模型的可解释性强,区分度良好,校准度较优,可以用于成年2型糖尿病患者糖尿病足的发病预测,为医生在临床中对糖尿病足发病风险的评估提供参考依据。     

Analysis of risk factors for amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: a cohort study from a tertiary center

Objective: This study aimed to analyze risk factors for amputation (overall, minor and major) in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs).Methods: 407 patients with DFUs (286 male, 121 female; mean age = 60, age range = 32-92) who were managed in a tertiary care centre from 2009 to 2019 were retrospectively identified and included in the study. DFUs were categorized based on the Meggit-Wagner, PEDIS, S(AD)SAD, and University of Texas (UT) classification systems. To identify amputation risk-related factors, results of patients with DFUs who underwent amputations (minor or major) were compared to those who received other adjunctive treatments using Chi-Square, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Spearman correlation analysis.Results: The mean C-reactive protein (CRP) and White Blood Cell (WBC) values were significantly higher in patients with major or minor amputation than in those without amputation. The mean Neutrophil (PNL), Platelets (PLT), wound width, creatinine and sedimentation (ESR) values were significantly higher in patients with major amputation compared to other groups of patients. Elevated levels of High-density lipoprotein (HDL), Hemoglobin (HGB) and albumin were determined to be protective factors against the risk of amputation. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a positive-sided, strong-levelled, significant relation between Wagner grades and amputation status of patients.Conclusion: This study has identified specific factors for major and minor amputation risk of patients with DFUs. Especially infection markers such as CRP, WBC, ESR and PNL were higher in the amputation group. Most importantly, Meggit Wagner, one of the four different classification systems used in the DFUs, was determined to be highly associated with patients’ amputation risk.Level of Evidence: Level IV, Prognostic Study     

The amputation and mortality of inpatients with diabetic foot ulceration in the COVID‐19 pandemic and postpandemic era: A machine learning study

This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristic and outcomes of inpatients with diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) in 2019 (prelockdown) and 2020 (postlockdown) due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, at an emergency medical service unit. Prediction models for mortality and amputation were developed to describe the risk factors using a machine learning‐based approach. Hospitalized DFU patients (N = 23) were recruited after the lockdown in 2020 and matched with corresponding inpatients (N = 23) before lockdown in 2019. Six widely used machine learning models were built and internally validated using 3‐fold cross‐validation to predict the risk of amputation and death in DFU inpatients under the COVID‐19 pandemic. Previous DF ulcers, prehospital delay, and mortality were significantly higher in 2020 compared to 2019. Diabetic foot patients in 2020 had higher hs‐CRP levels (P = .037) but lower hemoglobin levels (P = .017). The extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) performed best in all models for predicting amputation and mortality with the highest area under the curve (0.86 and 0.94), accuracy (0.80 and 0.90), sensitivity (0.67 and 1.00), and negative predictive value (0.86 and 1.00). A long delay in admission and a higher risk of mortality was observed in patients with DFU who attended the emergency center during the COVID‐19 post lockdown. The XGBoost model can provide evidence‐based risk information for patients with DFU regarding their amputation and mortality. The prediction models would benefit DFU patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic.     

改良外踝上动脉岛状皮瓣在足部皮肤缺损中的应用

目的了解应用改良外踝上动脉岛状皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损的临床效果。方法应用上述方法修复各种原因所致的足踝部软组织缺损共28例。结果27例皮瓣全部成活,1例远端皮肤1～2cm皮肤坏死,皮瓣最大面积16×9cm,最小6×4cm,随访6m～2y年,效果满意。结论应用此种皮瓣手术简便,不损伤小腿主要血管,是修复足踝、足背部软组织缺损理想方法。     

基于网络药理学结合GEO数据库多芯片分析法探讨糖痹外洗方治疗糖尿病足的作用机制

目的 基于网络药理学结合GEO数据库多芯片研究糖痹外洗方治疗糖尿病足相关疾病的潜在治疗靶点及可能作用机制。方法 采用TCMSP、TCMIP、TCMID、HERB数据库筛选糖痹外洗方化学成分及作用靶点。在GEO数据库中检索糖尿病足及相关疾病差异表达基因,汇总得到糖尿病足靶点。使用微生信在线作图平台对疾病靶点和化学成分靶点取交集,并构建交集靶点蛋白互相作用（PPI）网络。采用Metascape平台工具对交集靶点进行基因本体（GO）分析和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路分析。根据分析结果,选取度值排名靠前的化合物和蛋白,使用AutoDock Vina进行分子对接。结果 共得到糖痹外洗方活性成分99个,成分靶点427个,糖尿病足靶点2 217个,交集靶点64个。关键靶点蛋白主要有表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARG)、环加氧酶2(PTGS2)、Janus激酶2(JAK2)、基质金属蛋白酶1(MMP1)等,关键成分有槲皮素、山柰酚、木犀草素等。GO功能富集分析得到665个生物过程、30个细胞组分、80个分子功能。KEGG通路富集分析共得到100条通路信息...     

手足口病症状及中医护理研究简况

手足口病是由柯尔蒙病毒A16,肠道病毒EVT1感染引起的一种传染病,传染性强,病毒可通过呼吸道飞沫直接接触病毒污染玩具食物等传播,严重时可危及生命。从病因、感染方式、症状入手研究,总结中医方式(口腔护理、饮食护理、皮肤护理、高热时护理、中药治疗、心理护理)护理手足口病。     

长春市小儿手足口病临床特点及病原学分析

目的 了解长春市儿童医院2009至2010年住院的手足口病(hand foot and mouth disease,HFMD)患儿的临床表现及病原情况.方法 采集2009年5月至2010年11月在长春市儿童医院就诊的HFMD患儿1 862例的临床资料及患儿粪便和咽拭子标本,用RT-PCR方法对1 514份粪便标本进行肠道病毒71犁(enterovirus 71,EV71)和柯萨奇病毒A16型(Coxsackie virus A16,CoxA16)扩增,用人横纹肌肉瘤细胞对530份咽拭子标本进行病毒分离.结果 HFMD住院数2009年687人次,2010年1 175人次;其中重患率2009年6.26％( 43/687),2010年为16.51％( 194/1 175).季节分布:2009年6月及2010年6、7、8月为发病高峰月份.性别分布男1 241例,女621例.发病平均年龄(28.32±15.22)个月.城乡分布为1∶1.05.临床表现:100％出现皮疹;就诊时首发症状发热55.69％(1 037/1 862)、神经系统症状6.07％ (113/1 862)、呕吐1.41％ (26/1 862).病程中出现心肌损伤547例(29.41％),神经系统并发症548例(29.43％),呼吸系统并发症82例(4.39％).病毒分离阳性166例,阳性率31.32％.2009年EV71检出率9.62％,CoxA16检出率10.57％:2010年EV71检出率32.52％,CoxA 16检出率39.53％.结论 小儿HFMD发病数2010年较2009年增多,重患率亦增高;在夏秋季对发热患儿应注意HFMD;HFMD可引起消化系统、呼吸系统、循环系统、神经系统等多器官损害,重症患儿以神经系统损害为主;HFMD病原呈现多样性,以EV71和CoxA16为主,重患多数为EV71感染.